central processing unit - meaning and definition. What is central processing unit
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What (who) is central processing unit - definition

ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY WITHIN A COMPUTER THAT CARRIES OUT THE INSTRUCTIONS OF A COMPUTER PROGRAM BY PERFORMING THE BASIC ARITHMETIC, LOGICAL, CONTROL AND INPUT/OUTPUT (I/O) OPERATIONS SPECIFIED BY THE INSTRUCTIONS AND COORDINATES THE OTHER COMPONENTS
Central Processing Unit; Cpu; CPUs; Processors; Central processing units; Personal computer Central Processing Unit; CPU (computer); Processor core; Master control processor; CPU bandwidth; Main processor; Computer processing chip; Central processor; Central processor unit; Central Processor Unit; Processor units; Central Processing unit; CPU; Logical processor; Instruction decoder; Discrete processor; Performance Counter Monitor; Performance counter monitor; Central-processing unit; VCPU; Virtual CPU
  • Block diagram of a basic uniprocessor-CPU computer. Black lines indicate data flow, whereas red lines indicate control flow; arrows indicate flow directions.
  • Symbolic representation of an ALU and its input and output signals
  • A six-bit word containing the binary encoded representation of decimal value 40. Most modern CPUs employ word sizes that are a power of two, for example 8, 16, 32 or 64 bits.
  • Fujitsu board with SPARC64 VIIIfx processors
  • [[EDVAC]], one of the first stored-program computers
  • Basic five-stage pipeline. In the best case scenario, this pipeline can sustain a completion rate of one instruction per clock cycle.
  • IBM PowerPC 604e processor
  • Inside of a laptop, with the CPU removed from socket
  • Model of a subscalar CPU, in which it takes fifteen clock cycles to complete three instructions
  • core memory]] and [[external bus]] interface of a DEC [[PDP-8]]/I, made of medium-scale integrated circuits
  • A simple superscalar pipeline. By fetching and dispatching two instructions at a time, a maximum of two instructions per clock cycle can be completed.

central processing unit         
<architecture, processor> (CPU, processor) The part of a computer which controls all the other parts. Designs vary widely but the CPU generally consists of the control unit, the arithmetic and logic unit (ALU), registers, temporary buffers and various other logic. The control unit fetches instructions from memory and decodes them to produce signals which control the other parts of the computer. These signals cause it to transfer data between memory and ALU or to activate peripherals to perform input or output. Various types of memory, including cache, RAM and ROM, are often considered to be part of the CPU, particularly in modern microprocessors where a single integrated circuit may contain one or more processors as well as any or all of the above types of memory. The CPU, and any of these components that are in separate chips, are usually all located on the same printed circuit board, known as the motherboard. This in turn is located in the system unit (sometimes incorrectly referred to as the "CPU"). A parallel computer has several CPUs which may share other resources such as memory and peripherals. The term "processor" has to some extent replaced "CPU", though RAM and ROM are not logically part of the processor. {List of processors (http://lldn.timesys.com/complete_list_of_processors)}. (2007-04-02)
Central processing unit         
A central processing unit (CPU), also called a central processor, main processor or just processor, is the electronic circuitry that executes instructions comprising a computer program. The CPU performs basic arithmetic, logic, controlling, and input/output (I/O) operations specified by the instructions in the program.
central processing unit         
(also central processor)
¦ noun Computing the part of a computer in which operations are controlled and executed.

Wikipedia

Central processing unit

A central processing unit (CPU), also called a central processor or main processor, is the most important processor in a given computer. Its electronic circuitry executes instructions of a computer program, such as arithmetic, logic, controlling, and input/output (I/O) operations. This role contrasts with that of external components, such as main memory and I/O circuitry, and specialized coprocessors such as graphics processing units (GPUs).

The form, design, and implementation of CPUs have changed over time, but their fundamental operation remains almost unchanged. Principal components of a CPU include the arithmetic–logic unit (ALU) that performs arithmetic and logic operations, processor registers that supply operands to the ALU and store the results of ALU operations, and a control unit that orchestrates the fetching (from memory), decoding and execution (of instructions) by directing the coordinated operations of the ALU, registers and other components.

Most modern CPUs are implemented on integrated circuit (IC) microprocessors, with one or more CPUs on a single IC chip. Microprocessor chips with multiple CPUs are multi-core processors. The individual physical CPUs, processor cores, can also be multithreaded to create additional virtual or logical CPUs.

An IC that contains a CPU may also contain memory, peripheral interfaces, and other components of a computer; such integrated devices are variously called microcontrollers or systems on a chip (SoC).

Array processors or vector processors have multiple processors that operate in parallel, with no unit considered central. Virtual CPUs are an abstraction of dynamical aggregated computational resources.

Examples of use of central processing unit
1. Goldman Sachs issued a recommendation on the electrical machinery sector, based on growing demand for central processing unit packages.
2. Racing against a 12–month deadline, the engineers scoured the country for components, and asked Intel, then a manufacturer of memory chips, to deliver the central processing unit, or ‘brain‘. IBM also needed operating system software.
3. Robert Byers, who brought the suit, said the power supply and central processing unit in the Xbox 360 overheat, affecting heat–sensitive chips and causing the console to lock up.
4. Investigators seized two laptops, a computer central processing unit, bedding, knives and a duffel bag from Dyleski‘s house, just down the hill from Horowitz and Vitale‘s estate in Lafayette, an affluent community east of Oakland.
5. But IBM researchers contend that unless the encryption function is performed by a computer‘s central processing unit, a supremely savvy hacker can tap into the pathway between the machine‘s brain and the separate encryption engine.